1942Äê³öÉúµÄ»¨ÃÅÂ¥´åÈËÓàÔÆɽ£¬ÊÇÏÖ½ñ¾°µÂÕòΨһµÄһλ¡°ÂÎÒ¤¡±¹ú¼Ò¼¶·ÇÎïÖÊÎÄ»¯ÒŲúÏîÄ¿´ú±íÐÔ´«³ÐÈË¡£16ËêÄÇÄ꣬ÓàÔÆɽ¾Û¶Ñôºþ×ø´¬µ½¾°µÂÕò£¬¸ú×Å´ó²®ÓàʽòÔ¡¢ÌøçÓàÕÑÇåѧϰÂÎÒ¤¼¼ÒÕ£¬ÄÇʱÅí¼ÒÉÏŪµÄ²¹Ò¤µêÓÐ20¶àºÅÈË¡£ÓÆÓÆ°ë¸öÊÀ¼Í¹ýÈ¥£¬2018ÄêµÄ´ºÏÄÖ®½»£¬76ËêµÄÓàÔÆɽÒÑÊÇÉí»¼Öؼ²¡£ÀÏÈËÔÚ¡°ÌÕ´ÉÈË¿ÚÊöÀúÊ·¡±ÖÐÁôϹýÒ»¶ÎÉú¶¯¡¢Ö±°×µÄ½²Êö£º
ÄêÇáʱµÄÓàÔÆɽ
ÂÎÒ¤µÄ²ÄÁϾÍÊÇÁ½Ñù£º»ÆÄà°ÍºÍҤש¡£Õâ¸ö»ÆÄà°Í¾ÍÊÇÌïµØÀïµÄÀÏÍÁ£¬ËùνÀÏÍÁ¾ÍÊÇÃæÉÏÒ»²ãµÄ²»Òª£¬×¨ÃÅÈ¡µ×ϵÄÍÁ£¬³ÆΪ¡°ÀÏÍÁ¡±£¬ÓÐרÃÅÌôµ£µÄÈË×öÕâ¼þÊ¡£Ò¤×©µÄÉú²úÓÐרÃÅÕâÒ»Òµ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ¡°Ò¤×©É½¡±£¬Ò¤×©É½ÊÇָҤשµÄÉú²ú³¡Ëù¡£ÔçÇ°£¬Ò¤×©É½ÔÚÑóºþÒ»´ø£¬ºóÀ´Öð½¥Ç¨ÒƵ½Ê®°Ë¶É¡£ÖÆÔìҤשµÄÔÁÏÓлÆÍÁ¡¢ºìÍÁºÍɳÍÁÈýÖÖ¡£»ÆÍÁÐÔÕ³£¬¿ÉËÜÐÔÇ¿£¬ºìÍÁÄ͸ßΣ¬É³ÍÁ³Êϸ΢¿ÅÁ£×´£¬Æð¹Ç¼Ü×÷Óá£ÂÎÒ¤ÊÇÒ»ÃÅ´«Í³¼¼ÒÕ£¬Ã»ÓÐͼֽºÍÏÖ´æµÄ×ÊÁÏ£¬È«¿¿¾Ñ飬ÆöÒ»×ù±ê×¼Ð͵ÄÒ¤ÐèÒª6µ½8ÈË£¬10ÌìÖ®ÄÚ¿ÉÒÔÍ깤¡£ÂÎÒ¤¹¤µÄÖ÷ÒªÈÎÎñ¾ÍÊÇÂÎÒ¤Åñ£¬ÆäËûÊÂÇéÔÚÂÎҤʦ¸µºÍ°Ñ׮ʦ¸µµÄÖ¸»ÓÏÂÓÉÒ¤¹¤ÃÇÍê³É¡£ÆöÒ»×ùÍêÕûµÄÒ¤ÏȺóÓÐ12¸ö²½Ö裬°üÀ¨ÓÃʯ»ÒÏß»æºÃÒ¤µÄµ×ͼ£»Óú»½áʵҤµ×£¬ÓÃҤשƽÆÌÒ»²ã£»Æö»¤Ç½ºÍÆö²àǽ£»ÆöÃŹ°£»Æö½ÅÅñ£»Æö¶¥Åñ£»ÆöÓàÌã»ÆöÑÌ´Ñ£»ÌÂÒ¤£»ÆÌÛÖÀÏÍÁ×ӵȡ£ÂÎÒ¤Ò»°ãÊÇÔÚÒ¤ÀÏ°åЪ¹¤ÒԺ󴺽ÚÇ°ºó½øÐУ¬ÄÇʱÕýÊÇÊý¾Åº®Ì죬ȫÄê×îÀäµÄʱ¶Î¡£ÒòΪҪ¸Ï¹¤Ê±£¬¼´Ê¹´ò¶³½á±ù¶¼Òª×ö¡£ÎªÁËÓùÀ䣬·ÅһͰÈÈË®ÔÚÅԱߣ¬ÊµÔÚ³Ô²»Ïû£¬¾Í°ÑÊÖÉìµ½ÈÈˮͰÀï½þһϣ¬ÓÖ½Óןɡ£ÀÏÙÄ£¨ÎªÍ·µÄÀÏʦ¸µ£©Ëû²»×öÊ£¬×øÔÚÌ¿»ð±ß¿¾»ð£¬ÊÖÀïÄÃ×ÅÑ̹ܣ¬µãÒ»¸ùÏ㣬һÍë²è£¬ÔÚÄÇÀï³Ô»ÆÑ̺Ȳ衣ËûÊÇÕÆÎÕ¼¼ÊõµÄ£¬×÷Ö¸µ¼µÄ£¬Ò»Ö±¶¢×ÅÄã×ö£¬×öµÃ²»¶Ô¾Í»á¼°Ê±Ö¸Õý¡£ÔÚ¾ÉÉç»á£¬ÂÎÒ¤ÈËÉú»îÒ²ÊÇûÓб£Õϵģ¬ÂÎÒ¤µÄ»î¾ÍÊǼ¯ÖÐÔÚ¹ýÄêµÄÄÇÒ»¶Î¡£ÏÐʱ£¬ÂÎÒ¤È˾Íϲý½²¶Óã¡¢ÉÏÄÏɽ¿³²ñ»»Ç®Î¬³ÖÉú¼Æ¡£Å©Ã¦Ê±½Ú¾ÍÏÂÏçÇÀÊÕÇÀÖÖ¡£ÓÐʱºòΪijһÀÏ°åÂÎÁËÒ¤£¬¿ÉÒ¤ÀÏ°åÉúÒâ²»ºÃ£¬´ÉÆ÷Âô²»³öÈ¥£¬Ò»Ê±Äò»³öÈ«²¿¹¤Ç®¡£µ«ÄÇʱ´ó¼Ò¶¼½²³ÏÐÅ£¬¶¼»á±Ë´Ë¹ØÕÕ£¬¼´Ê¹²»ÄÜÒ»´Î¸¶¿î£¬Ò²»á·ÖÆÚ¸¶¸ø£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÿÔ¸øÈýʯÃ׸¶ÍêΪֹ¡£ÁíÍâ±öÖ÷Ö®¼ä£¬Ä³×ùÒ¤ÔÚÒ»ÄêÖ®ÄÚ²»ÖØÐÂÂÎÆö£¬Ò¤ÀÏ°åÒ²Òª¸¶¸øÂÎÒ¤µêһʯÃ××÷ΪÉú»î·Ñ¡£
Óà×æÐËÔÚÂÎÒ¤
»¨ÃÅÂ¥ÈËÓàÕÑÁÖÔÚÀëÊÀÇ°£¬Ò²¿ÚÊö¹ýÒ»¶ÎÇ×Éí¾ÀúÂÎÒ¤È˵ÄÉú»î£¬ÆäÖйØÓÚ¡°ËÄצһ¹É¡±µÄÊ·ÁÏ£¬ÕâÊÇÈκÎ×÷¼ÒÉú»¨Ãî±ÊÎÞ·¨Ðé¹¹³öÀ´µÄ£º
ÂÎÒ¤¹¤µÄµÈ¼¶ÊÇ°´¡°ËÄצһ¹É¡±»®·Ö£¬ËÄצºÃ±ÈÖíµÄËÄÌ㣬һ¹É¾ÍÊÇÖíµÄÕýÉí¡£ÂÎҤѧͽΪÈýÄ꣬ÎÒѧͽʱÿÄêÊ®¶þ¿éÒøÔª£¬ÎÒµÄÉÏÒ»±²ÊÇûÓй¤×ʵģ¬Á¬·¹¶¼ÊdzÔ×Ô¼ºµÄ¡£ÈýÄêÖ®ÖУ¬Ã¿ÄêÕýÔ»¹ÒªÇëµêÀïËùÓеÄʦ¸µ³ÔÒ»´Î¾Æ£¬Ä¿µÄÊÇÏë¸÷λʦ¸µÔÚ¼¼ÊõÉ϶à¶àÖ¸½Ì¡£ÈýÄêÂúʦºóÉýΪ¡°Ò»×¦¡±£¬ÁùÄêºóÉýΪ¡°¶þצ¡±£¬¾ÅÄêºóÉý¡°Èýצ¡±£¬ÂúÊ®¶þÄêÉý¡°ËÄצ¡±£¬Óֽаë¹É¡£ÔÚÉý°ë¹ÉʱҲҪÇëÒ»´Î¾Æ£¬Çë¸÷λʦ¸µÆÀÒé¼¼Êõ¸ßµÍ¡£Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬µÚÒ»´ÎÊǺÜÄÑÉýÉÏÈ¥µÄ£¬ÀÏʦ¸µ»á˵ÄãºÜ¶àȱµã£¬Ö»ÓÐÀ´ÄêÔÙÆÀ¡£Éýµ½ÁË¡°°ë¹É¡±ÔÙ¹ýÈýÄêÓÖÇëʦ¸µÆÀÒéÉýΪ¡°Ò»¹É¡±¡£´Óѧͽµ½Ò»¹É£¬Ò»°ãҪʮÎåÁùÄ꣬ËùÒÔ˵£¬Òª³ÉΪһÃûÕæÕýµÄÂÎҤʦ¸µÊDz»ÈÝÒ׵ġ£´Óʮһ¶þËêѧͽÆ𣬵½¡°Ò»¹É¡±Ê¦¸µ×îÉÙÒ²Òªµ½¶þÊ®Îå¡¢ÁùËê¡£Éýµ½ÁË°ë¹É£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öÖеȼ¼ÊõµÄÂÎҤʦ¸µ¡£Ò»¸ö°ë¹ÉµÄ¹¤ÈË£¬ÒªÊÇ´ÉÒµÉúÒâºÃ£¬Ò¤Âεö࣬һÄêÊÕÈëÔ¼¼Æ100µ£¹È£¬Ò»¹É±È°ë¹ÉÒª¸ß50%£¬Ò»×¦Îª25%¡£Ã¿ÂÎÒ»×ùÒ¤40¿éÒøÔª£¬Èç¹ûÒ»Äê²»ÂÎÒ¤£¬Ö»ÒªÄãÕâ×ùÒ¤ÔÚÒ»ÄêÖÐÉÕ¹ýÒ»´Î£¬¾ÍÒª¸¶¸øÂÎÒ¤µêÁ½Ê¯Ã×µÄÉú»î·Ñ¡£ÕâÁ½Ê¯Ã×µÄÀ´ÓÉÊÇ£ºÂÎÒ¤¶àÊýÊÇÔÚÕýÔµ½ÈýÔ½øÐеģ¬ÆäËûʱ¼ä½ÏÉÙ£¬Ã»ÓÐÊÂ×öʱ£¬¶àÊýÈ˵½ÏçÏÂÖÖÌÓÐʱ¼±ÐèÂÎÒ¤£¬Ò¤»§ÀÏ°åÕÒ²»µ½ÈË¡£ºóÀ´£¬¾¾ÅÒ¤¹«»áÑо¿¾ö¶¨£¬Ã¿×ùҤÿÄê¸øÁ½Ê¯Ãס£ÂÎÒ¤µÄ¹¤×ÊÿÄêËãÒ»´Î£¬Æ½Ê±ÒªÇ®ÓÿÉÒÔ½èÖ§¡£ÂÎÒ»×ùÒ¤£¬Ò»°ãÊÇËÄÎåÌìʱ¼ä£¬6ÖÁ8ÈË¡£ÂÎҤʱ£¬Ò¤»§ÀÏ°å°ÑÎÒÃǵ±×æ×Ú¾´£¬Èý²ÍÒ»µã£¬ºÃÑ̺þơ£³ÔÔç·¹ÒªÔڲ͹ݵÄÑÅ×ù£¬Ëĸö³´²Ë¡£ÖвͺÍÍí²ÍÊÇÔÚÒ¤»§¼ÒÀ¶¼ÊÇÌØÇë¸ß¼¶³øʦ£¬Ñ¡ÂòÉϵÈÓã¡¢Èâ¡¢¼¦¡¢Ïã¹½¡¢Ä¾¶ú¡¢º£Î¶µÈÊ®¶à¸ö²Ë¡£ÆäÖÐÖ»ÓÐÔÚÐÕ·ëµÄÀÏ°å¼ÒÂÎÒ¤²Å³Ô»Æ»¨¡¢Ä¾¶úµÈÊ®ÍëÍ·¾Æ£¬Òâ˼ÊÇÒûË®²»ÍüÍÚ¾®ÈË£¬±íʾ·ëÐÕÆðÍ·Ö®Òâ¡£
ÓàÕÑÁÖ¡¢ÓàÔÆɽÃÇÂÎÒ¤È˵ķáÂúÐÎÏó£¬ÔÚÎÄÈ˺ÍѧÕß¹ØÓÚ¾°µÂÕòµÄġдÖУ¬ÏÊÓÐÍÚ¾ò¡£
ÂÎÒ¤ÒµÊý°ÙÄêÀ´¾ÍÊǼÒ×åʽÐÐÒµ£¬·îÐС°´«ÄÚ²»´«Í⡱£¬¡°ÄÚ¡±»¹ÒªÔÚ¼Ò×å¡°Î帣¡±£¨µÚÎå´ú£©ÒÔÄÚ£»¡°´«Äв»´«Å®¡±£¬¾ÍÊÇÓà¼ÒÅ®ÐöÒ²²»´«ÊÚ£¬»¹ÓÐÅ®È˲»µÃÈëÐÂÂÎÖ®Ò¤µÄÆ«¼û¡£×÷Ϊ¡°ÂÎҤʷ¡±Ê°ÒÅ£¬ÆäʵÔÚÐÂÖйú³ÉÁ¢³õÆÚ£¬ÔÚ¾°µÂÕòÊÐ×ܹ¤»áµÄÒªÇóÏ£¬µ±Ê±ÒÔ30ÓàÃû»¨ÃÅÂ¥´åÈËΪÖ÷µÄ¾°µÂÕòÌÕ´ÉҤ¯½¨Öþ°²×°¹«Ë¾£¬ÊÇ´òÆÆÐйæÊÕ¹ýÍâÏØÍâÐÕÂÎҤͽµÜµÄ£¬Ò»¸öÊÇ13ËêµÄ°²»ÕÆîÃÅÈËÖ£Îı꣬һ¸öÊÇ12ËêµÄ½Î÷н¨ÈËÁõ´ºÁÖ¡£
̤×Åʱ´úÇ°ÐеĽŲ½£¬¾°µÂÕòµÄÌÕ´ÉÉÕÖƹ¤ÒÕ²»¶Ï¸üС£ÃºÒ¤¡¢µçÒ¤¡¢ÆøÒ¤ÈÕ½¥È¡´úÁËé¶Ò¤¡¢²ñÒ¤£¬ÂÎÒ¤Òµ²½ÈëÁËÅÔÂäµÄ¾³µØ¡£Èç½ñµÄ´É¶¼¾°µÂÕò£¬ÈëÐеġ°ÂÎÒ¤ÈË¡±Ö»ÓÐÈýλ£ºÒ»Î»ÊÇÓàÔÆɽ£¬1942Äê³öÉú£»Ò»Î»ÊÇÓàºÍÖù£¬1946Äê³öÉú£»Ò»Î»ÊÇÓà×æÐË£¬1966Äê³öÉú£¬ÓàÔÆɽ֮×Ó¡£ÓàºÍÖùÀÏÈËÊÇÊ¡¼¶·ÇÎïÖÊÎÄ»¯ÒŲú´«³ÐÈË£¬Á½¸ö¶ù×ÓÒ»¸ö´ÓÊ´ɻ£¬Ò»¸öÔÚÖÐÒ½Ôº¹¤×÷£¬¶¼ÓëÂÎÒ¤ÒµÎÞÔµ¡£Óà×æÐË×ӳи¸Òµ£¬ÄêÓâ°ë°ÙµÄËû³ÉΪ´É¶¼×îÄêÇáµÄÂÎÒ¤ÈË¡£ËûÓëÂÎÒ¤µÄÔµ·Ö²»ÊÇÔ´ÓÚ¡°Í¯×Ó¹¦¡±£¬¶øÊÇ20¶àÄêÇ°£¬ËûÃæÁÙϸڣ¬ÎªÁËÉú¼Æ²ÅËæÁ˸¸Ç×ѧÆðÂÎÒ¤»î¡£Óà×æÐËÈ˵½ÖÐÄêºóõÒÉíÊ¡¼¶·ÇÎïÖÊÎÄ»¯ÒŲú´«³ÐÈËÐÐÁС£
Óà×æÐ˼ûÖ¤Á˾°µÂÕòÂÎÒ¤Òµ½ü30ÄêÀ´´ÓÐËÊ¢×ßÏòË¥Èõ¡£ËûÊǾ°µÂÕòҤ¯½¨Öþ°²×°¹«Ë¾µÄÒ»Ãûϸڹ¤ÈË£¬¹«Ë¾Ç¶Ãû¡°Ò¤Â¯¡±¶ø·Çרָ¡°ÌÕ´É¡±£¬ÐûʾµÄ¾ÍÊǹ«Ë¾µÄÒµÎñ¿É°üº¸÷ÖÖ¡°Ò¤Â¯¡±µÄÆöÖÆ£¬°üÀ¨»¯¹¤Â¯¡¢Äð¾Æ¯µÈ£¬Óà×æÐËÒ²Ôøµ½ËÄ´¨¡¢½ËյȵØÈ¥Æö¹ý¸÷ÀàҤ¯¡£2018ÄêÉÏ°ëÄ꣬Óà×æÐ˽ö³Ð½Ó¹ýÒ»×ùÂÎÒ¤µÄ»î¼Æ¡£´É¶¼¸ßÊÖÒªÖƳɡ°¸ß·Â¡±µÄ´ÉÆ÷£¬¾ÍµÃÆö´«Í³µÄ²ñÒ¤¡£Õâ¸ö¿áÈȵÄÏļ¾£¬Óà×æÐËΪÉú¼Æ¶øæµ×Å£¬ËûµÄÖ÷Òµ³ÉÁËÌæÈËÐÞ×°¿Õµ÷¡£Óà×æÐ˸ùÂöÔÚ»¨ÃÅÂ¥´å£¬µ«×ÔС¾ÍÒ»Ö±ÔÚ¾°µÂÕòÊÐÉú»î¡£ËûËƺõÌìÉú¾ÍÊÇÄܹ¤Çɽ³ÀàµÄÈËÎï¡£ÊýÄêÇ°Ëû¼ÒµÄС·¿×Ó×°ÐÞ£¬ÂÁºÏ½ð´°µÄ°²×°¡¢Ç½Ìå¹Î°×¡¢µØשÆÌÌù¡¢³÷¹ñ×°ÐÞ¡¢¼Ò¾ßÓÍÆáµÈÒ»Ó¦µÄ¹¤·ò£¬Ã»ÇëËûÈË£¬¶¼ÊÇËûÒ»È˶À×ÔÍê³É¡£Óà×æÐ˸Ð̾ÂÎÒ¤¹¤µÄºó¼ÌÎÞÈË£¬Ò²ÊǼþºÜÎÞÄεÄÊ£ºÒ»ÊÇÂÎÒ¤ÖÁ½ñȫƾÊÖ¹¤£¬ÊÇÃÅ¿à²îÔà»î£¬ÄêÇáÈ˲»Ô¸Ñ§£»¶þÊÇÂÎÒ¤ÎÞ»î¿ÉÐø£¬Éú¼Æ³ÉÁËÎÊÌâ¡£Óà×æÐ˵ÄÂÎÒ¤¾ø»îÒ²ÈÃËû·ç¹â¹ý¡£ÎªÓ½Ó2017Äê10ÔµĴɲ©»á£¬¾°µÂÕòÊзÇÒű£»¤ÖÐÐÄÔÚһ¥չÌü£¬Õ¹Ê¾´É¶¼ÖÆ´ÉÐÐÒµÆßÊ®¶þµÀ¹¤ÐòÊÖ¹¤ÒÕµÄ×îºóÒ»µÀ¹¤ÒÕ€€€€²ñÒ¤¡£ÎÞ¿ÉÑ¡ÔñµØ£¬Óà×æÐ˳нÓÁËÂÎÒ¤¹¤ÒÕ¡£´ËÒ¤ºÅ³ÆÊÀ½çÊ××ù΢ÐÍÕòÒ¤£¬°´Õý¹æÕòÒ¤Óòġ¢ÐÎ×´¡¢¹¦ÄÜ΢Ëõ¶ø³É£¬Ö»ÊÇÑÌ´ÑÊDZÆÕæµØ»ÔÚǽÉϵġ£½Î÷Ê¡·ÇÒŲ¿ÃŶÔÂÎÒ¤Ö®ÒµµÄ´«³Ð£¬ÊµÊ©ÇÀ¾ÈÐÔ±£»¤¹¤³Ì£¬×éÖ¯ÈËÔ±ÈýÄêÇ°¸úËæÓà×æÐËÊ®¶àÌ죬½«ËûÔÚ¼ª°²ÂÎÒ»×ùÒ¤µÄÈ«¹ý³Ì£¬ÓÃÉùÏñ×ÊÁϼǼÏÂÀ´¡£±¾À´¼Ç¼µÄÖ÷½ÇÓ¦¸ÃÊÇËûµÄ¸¸Ç×ÓàÔÆɽ£¬ÀÏÈËÄÇʱÒÑÎÞÌåÁ¦ÔÙÈ¥ÂÎÒ¤ÁË¡£
΢Ëõ²ñÒ¤
Óà×æÐËÊÇǧÄê´É¶¼Ä¿Ç°Î¨Ò»ÓÐÌåÁ¦ÂÎÒ¤µÄÈË¡£Ãæ¶Ô¾ø¼¼±ôÁÙʧ´«£¬ËûÒ²Ô¸Òâ´«ÊÚ¸øÍâÐÕÈË£¬µ«Ã»ÓÐÒ»¸öÈ˳ÏÐÄ°ÝËûΪʦ¡£µ±Óà×æÐË20ÄêºóÔÚÎÞ·¨ÁôסµÄʱ¹âÀï²½ÈëĺÄ꣬»òÐíÙ¼´óµÄ´É¶¼£¬ÈËÃÇÖ»ÄÜÔÚ¹ÊÖ½¶ÑÀï¡¢ÔÚ΢Ëõ°æÀï¡¢ÔÚÉùÏñ´øÀïÈ¥Ñо¿ÂÎÒ¤Ö®ÊõÁË¡£·ÅÑÛ¾°µÂÕòÁÉÀ«µÄ¡°Ç໨µÛ¹ú¡±£¬Óл¨ÃÅÂ¥ÂÎÒ¤È˵ı°Î¢ºÍ¸ß¹ó¡¢ÉËÍ´ºÍ¿ñϲ¡£»¨ÃÅÂ¥Óà´åÊǴɶ¼´Ó¹Å´ú×ßÏòÏÖ´ú£¬³¤³¤æä·ÉÏÒ»µÀÎÞ·¨ÈƹýµÄ·ç¾°¡¡